If we were to take away absolutely everything in the Universe? The building blocks of the universe and the three elementary particles; the Leptons, Quarks and Bosons. The Leptons and Quarks belong in the Fermion category, which are matter and antimatter particles. The Bosons are in the Boson category, and they are what tell Fermions what to do. These are so important, because they not only tell particles what to do, they tell everything in the universe how to function. An elementary particle is defined as a particle whose substructure [a structure whose domain is a subset of a bigger structure(so pretty much what makes it up)] is unknown. Whether it is a Boson or Fermion is entirely depending on its rate of spin
Leptons Leptons consist of the electron, muon and tau particles. Each of them have a neutrino copy of themselves. A lepton with a neutrino becomes neutralized, while without one it’s charged. Quarks These are the nuclear family of elementary particles. They are always found bound together in groups, and they make up Protons and Neutrons, which also make up atomic nuclei. When put with leptons, they make up all matter particles and atoms around us. Bosons While leptons and quarks have matter fields, the bosons have a force field that applies to the four forces of the universe. Bosons are exchanged between fermions in krder to hold them together. |
Fundamental Interaction
The four fundamental forces are Gravity, Strong Attraction, Weak Attraction and Electromagnetism. Quarks interact with each other using electromagnetism and strong nuclear force, while leptons only need electromagnetism. Quarks exchange their strong nuclear attraction with each other to make up the nuclei of atoms, while the orbiting protons and electrons exchange photons. Gravity is the weakest interaction, the strongest being electromagnetism. It is the only interaction that effects particles with mass, energy or momentum. It has an infinite range, and cannot be absorbed, transformed or avoided. Gravity always attracts, and can never fling an object away. Electromagnetism and weak interaction are both two different things, but above 100 electronvolts (1.6x10^-19 joules) and they will merge to become an electroweak interaction. Electromagnetism only acts between particles that are electrically charged, and it is infinitely-ranged like gravity (just way stronger). Weak interaction is what causes nuclear fusion, the effect that gives power to the sun and thermonuclear explosive weaponry (hydrogen bombs). Strong interaction is much more complicated, as it varies with distance. Strong force is able to tie heavy particles together to form important subatomic particles like protons and neutrons. It also makes up the atomic nucleus, and causes the interactions between all particles with quarks.
Sources: Wikipedia.com (fundamental particles article and fundamental interactions article)
https://www.britannica.com/science/strong-force
The four fundamental forces are Gravity, Strong Attraction, Weak Attraction and Electromagnetism. Quarks interact with each other using electromagnetism and strong nuclear force, while leptons only need electromagnetism. Quarks exchange their strong nuclear attraction with each other to make up the nuclei of atoms, while the orbiting protons and electrons exchange photons. Gravity is the weakest interaction, the strongest being electromagnetism. It is the only interaction that effects particles with mass, energy or momentum. It has an infinite range, and cannot be absorbed, transformed or avoided. Gravity always attracts, and can never fling an object away. Electromagnetism and weak interaction are both two different things, but above 100 electronvolts (1.6x10^-19 joules) and they will merge to become an electroweak interaction. Electromagnetism only acts between particles that are electrically charged, and it is infinitely-ranged like gravity (just way stronger). Weak interaction is what causes nuclear fusion, the effect that gives power to the sun and thermonuclear explosive weaponry (hydrogen bombs). Strong interaction is much more complicated, as it varies with distance. Strong force is able to tie heavy particles together to form important subatomic particles like protons and neutrons. It also makes up the atomic nucleus, and causes the interactions between all particles with quarks.
Sources: Wikipedia.com (fundamental particles article and fundamental interactions article)
https://www.britannica.com/science/strong-force